Creating eco-friendly change is a hot topic in the plastics industry as more consumers have started asking, “How long does it take for plastic to biodegrade?”

The answer isn’t always straightforward, so today we’re going to review sustainable plastics and plastic solutions.

What is “sustainable plastic”?

Though traditional plastics' functional properties benefit industries and economies worldwide, their environmental impact remains a cause for concern. Sustainable plastics are dependable, eco-friendly alternatives designed to reduce energy use, eliminate fossil-fuel dependence and divert waste. Sustainable plastic types include:

1. Bioplastics:
   Plastics made from renewable resources (i.e., plants) rather than petroleum-based products.
2. Recycled plastics:
   Plastics made by reprocessing consumer or industrial plastic waste to create new items.
3. Biodegradable plastics:
   Plastics (often petroleum-based or bio-based) designed to break down into organic matter.

It’s estimated that a dozen or more sustainable plastics are currently being used, but ongoing research and development means that number continues to grow. Nonetheless, it’s often asked what the most eco-friendly plastic is. While bioplastics like polylactic acid (PLA) and
bio-polyethylene (Bio-PE) are popular, the most sustainable plastic is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). This fully biodegradable option is non-toxic, versatile and breaks down in marine
environments without harming ecosystems. 

What are the differences between bioplastics and biodegradable plastics?

Like recycled plastics, bioplastic and biodegradable plastic are essential to ongoing eco-friendly efforts. Their differences lie in how they’re sourced versus how they break down. 

• Bioplastic:
  ⁠Based on initial, renewable source materials like corn, sugarcane or other plants, but may not always break down naturally.

• Biodegradable plastic: 
  ⁠These plastics may be made from renewable or fossil-based sources but are designed to degrade into natural substances independently.

Sustainable plastic properties

The characteristics of eco-friendly plastics frequently offer the same benefits as traditional, fossil fuel-based plastics. We outline a handful of their properties below.  

*These figures can vary based on source material, additives and other factors. 

Sustainable plastics examples 

From disposable tableware like biodegradable plastic straws or biodegradable plastic cups to agricultural products, many industries are taking advantage of sustainable plastic solutions. Below is a sample of markets and products making eco-friendly changes:

• Packaging:
  Biodegradable plastic packaging like take-out containers, beverage bottles and grocery bags

• Healthcare:
  Compostable, sterile packaging for medical devices and biodegradable surgical sutures

• Consumer goods:
  ⁠Recycled plastic toys and biodegradable cleaning tools, earbuds and phone cases

• Personal care:
  ⁠Biodegradable baby wipes and compostable toothbrushes

• Construction materials:
  ⁠Bio-based plastic pipes, building insulation and recycled plastic floors 

Sustainable plastics have limitations

The pressure to transition to bio-based plastics comes with added demands for sustainable raw materials; however, these demands are often met with a struggling supply chain. Amongst the most significant issues are sourcing crops and agricultural land without endangering food production. Furthermore, plastic production infrastructure is still developing, making it less efficient than conventional plastics. 

Additionally, these shortages also cause raw material pricing instability. However, shortages don’t solely dictate prices; external factors like international events, differences in currency rates, and higher transportation rates can cause prices to fluctuate. Regrettably, this means plastic manufacturers must be willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly materials.

Dissolving without a trace

Eco-friendly plastics are a promising alternative to fossil fuel based, traditional materials. They provide a pathway to eliminating wasteful manufacturing and minimizing environmental impact. Through continued research and consumer adoption, making sustainable change is achievable.